PRITHVI III MISSILE

India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP), Prithvi-III has the latest on-board computer and an advanced inertial navigation system.The 8.5-metre (28-foot) Prithvi missile can be tipped with incendiary and fragmentary munitions or can carry a sub-kiloton nuclear warhead for use against troops or armoured formations.It can be launched either from a ship or submarine and is capable of destroying land targets. local authorities temporarily evacuated over 2,000 people from four four hamlets near the Chandipur-on-Sea test site as a precautionary measure.

Engine :-    Single stage solid mode

Range :-       250 to 300 km

Guidance system :-      advanced inertial guidance system

Launch platform :-    Mobile launcher in salvo mode

Prithvi III class (codenamed Dhanush meaning Bow) is a two-stage ship-to-surface missile. The first stage is solid fuelled with a 16 metric ton force (157 kN) thrust motor. The second stage is liquid fuelled. The missile can carry a 1,000 kg warhead to a distance of 350 km and a 500 kg warhead to a distance of 600 kilometres and a 250 kilogram warhead up to a distance of 750 kilometres. Dhanush is a system consisting of a stabilization platform (Bow) and the Missile (Arrow). Supposedly it is a customised version of the Prithvi and that the additional customizations in missile configuration is to certify it for sea worthiness. Dhanush has to be launched from a hydraulically stabilized launch pad. Its low range acts against it and thus it is seen a weapons either to be used to destroy an aircraft carrier or an enemy port. The missile has been tested from the surface ships many times.

Prithvi III was first tested in 2000 from INS Subhadra, a Sukanya class patrol craft. The missile was launched from an updated, reinforced helicopter deck of the vessel. The first flight test of the 250 km variant was only partially successful. The full operational testing was completed in 2004.[11] The following year in December an enhanced 350 km version of the missile was tested from the INS Rajput and successfully hit a land based target. The missile was again successfully tested-fired from INS Subhadra anchored about 35 km offshore from the Integrated Test Range at Chandipur on December 13, 2009. It was the sixth test of the missile. Up to now this missile has not been deployed largely for logistical deficiencies. It requires explosive liquid fuel which is hard to store. Its accuracy is also supposed to be less than that of Brahmos. Plus it cannot be launched vertically which forces all missiles to be stored on the surface of the ship. Vertically launched missiles can be stored internally in the hull of a ship. This deficiency also means that it will not be used in submarines or underwater systems .

PRITHVI 1 MISSILE

India  tested its surface to surface medium range Prithvi-1 missile from a defence base in Orissa.The missile was launched from the Integrated Test Range of Chandipur in the coastal district of Balasore, about 230 km from the state capital, at 10.04 a.m., defence ministry sources said. Prithvi is one of the five missiles under various stages of development by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)."The recent successful test firings of Agni, BrahMos, Dhanush and Astra missiles have moved us to go for a user trial of Prithvi-1," a military scientist said.The 8.56-metre-high and one metre thick missile, with a launch weight of 4.4 tonnes excluding the payload, has a minimum range of 50 km and a maximum of 150 km. It has the capability to carry a payload of 1,000 kg.The missile has two liquid propellant motors side-by-side, providing aerodynamic control as well as thrust vectoring. It stops climbing when it reaches an altitude of 30 km and dives at the target at an 80-degree angle.

Engine :-    Single Stage liquid fuel dual motor

Operational

range :-       150 km (Prithvi I)

Guidance

system :-      strap-down inertial guidance

Launch

platform :-    8 x 8 Tata Transporter Erector Launcher

BRAHMOS CRUISE MISSILE (INDIA-RUSSIA JOINT VENTURE)

BRAHMOS SUPERSONIC CRUISE MISSILE

Brahmos is a supersonic cruise missile being developed by Brahmos Aerospace, a joint venture between Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) of India and NPO Mashinostroeyenia (NPOM) of Russia. The missile can be launched against ships and land-based targets. The missile is named after two rivers, the Brahmaputra in India and the Moskva in Russia. Brahmos has a flight range of up to 290km and can reach a maximum speed of Mach 3. The air launched version of the missile is under development as of 2013."Brahmos has a flight range of up to 290km and can reach a maximum speed of Mach 3."Advanced satellite navigation systems from Russia's Kh-555 and Kh-101 strategic long-range cruise missiles, and GPS-GLONASS technology were added to the existing doppler-inertial platforms of Brahmos missiles in 2013.The missile can be installed on ships, submarines, aircraft and ground vehicles. Brahmos missiles are inducted in to the armed forces of India and Russia and can also be exported to friendly nations.The 'Fire and Forget' type missile weights 3t and intercepts surface targets at an altitude of 10m up to 14,000m. In February 2011, the Indian Army placed a $4bn order with Brahmos Aerospace for Brahmos missiles. Deliveries are expected to conclude by 2016. The total value of orders placed by the Indian Navy and

Indian Air Force for Brahmos missiles was approximately $9bn as of March 2013.

Brahmos cruise missile development :-

In February 1998, India and Russia signed an inter-governmental agreement to establish Brahmos Aerospace for producing the Brahmos missiles. The first BrahMos missile was test fired from the integrated test range at Chandipur in Orissa Coast in June 2001. Since then, the missile has been successfully tested from a variety of platforms, including land-based platforms and warships.In 2008, Brahmos Aerospace acquired Indian state-owned firm Keltec to manufacture and integrate Brahmos components and missile systems. This was necessary to meet the increased orders received from the Indian Army and Navy.A hypersonic version of the Brahmos, with a speed of Mach 7, is also under development. It is expected to be ready for testing by 2017.

Brahmos design and features :-

Brahmos is derived from the Russian made P-800 Oniks / Yakhont supersonic anti-ship cruise missile.The Brahmos propulsion is based on the Oniks, while the guidance system was developed by Brahmos Aerospace.

AGNI 5 MISSILE

ICBM  AGNI-V  MISSILE

Agni-V is an intercontinental ballistic missile developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation of India. It is part of the Agni series of missiles, one of the missile systems under the original Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme.

India has successfully test-launched its long range ballistic missile, Agni-5, which can carry a nuclear warhead in the east as far as all of China and in the west all over Europe. The test-launch, done from Wheeler Island at 8:43 am, off the Odisha coast, for the second time in two years, is seen as a major step in India's efforts to become a regional power that can counter the dominance of China.The Agni-5  is about 17 meters long and weighs 50 tons. It is a three-stage missile designed to carry an over 1 ton warhead with a range of 5,000 kilometers, allowing it the farthest reach among all Indian missiles. The versatile missile system can be launched from a road mobile vehicle or even from a special railway wagon where it can be kept hidden and moved around at will. The first test of the Agni-5 missile was conducted on April 19, 2012 when the guidance system - critical in determining the efficiency of missile - worked perfectly. The development of Agni-5 began in 2009 according to DRDO it will now be rolled into production mode with and induction likely in 2015.Agni-5 gives India the ability to launch nuclear weapons from land at will from any where in India.  It will give India the ability to hit back or have second-strike capability even after a nuclear.

PROPULSION SYSTEM :-

Agni-V is powered by three solid fuelled engines. It uses a composite case solid rocket motor for the third stage. The first stage engine propels the missile up to 40km height. The second and third stages take it into 150km and 300km of height respectively. The missile finally reaches 800km and re-enters the Earth's atmosphere to fly towards the target.

LAUNCHING PLATFORM :-

Agni-V is a canister-launched, road-mobile missile similar to the Dongfeng-31A of China. The launch platform is the 8 x 8 Tatra TELAR (transporter erector launcher) rail mobile launcher.The canister is made of maraging steel and provides a completely airtight atmosphere to preserve the missile for years. The canister is designed to withstand 300 to 400t of thrust generated at the time of missile launch.

NAVIGATION SYSTEM :-

Agni-V is equipped with a Ring Laser Gyro based inertial navigation system (INS) and the modern micro navigation system (MINS). The navigation system, the onboard high speed computer and the fault tolerant software were all developed indigenously.

AGNI-4 MISSILE

AGNI 4

The Agni-4 is believed to be an upgraded version of the Agni-2 missile with an increased range. The Agni-2 has a range of 2,000 kg (more if the payload is reduced), whereas the Agni-4 has an expected range of 3,500 kg. It’s been reported that this increased range is the result of reduced weight or upgraded motors. Reports suggest that the Agni-4 can be fitted with a 20 or 45 kT nuclear warhead, or a 200 to 300 kT fusion warhead. It has been reported that the Agni-4 is a two-stage solid propellant system with a length of 20.0 m and a launch weight of 17,000 kg. The  first  test  launch failed in December 2010. A second missile was launched from a mobile launch system in November 2011, and it was successful.  Reports indicate that two to three more test flights are planned and initial production deliveries will begin in 2013.

• Origin                              :          India
• Class                                :         Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM)
• Length                             :         20.0 mts
• Launch Weight              :         17,000 kg
• Payload                           :         Single warhead, 800 kg
• Warhead                         :        Nuclear 20 or 45 kT, Fusion 200-300 kT
• Propulsion                      :        Two-stage solid propellant
• Range                              :        3,500 km

AGNI-3 MISSILE

Agni-III is the third in the Agni series of missiles. Agni III uses solid propellant in both stages. Agni-III was tested on July 9, 2006 from Wheeler Island off the coast of the eastern state of Orissa. After the launch, it was reported that the second stage of the rocket did not separate and the missile had fallen well short of its target. Agni-III was again tested on April 12, 2007, this time successfully, again from Wheeler Island. On May 7, 2008 India again successfully test fired this missile. This was the third consecutive test; it validated the missile's operational readiness while extending the reach of India's nuclear deterrent to most high-value targets of the nation's most likely adversaries. Agni-III has a range of 3,500 km, and can take a warhead of 1.5 tonnes.It has been reported that the missile's circular error probable (CEP) lies in the range of 40 meters, This would make the Agni-III most accurate strategic ballistic missiles of its range class in the world.This is of special significance because a highly accurate ballistic missile increases the "kill efficiency" of the weapon; it allows Indian weapons designers to use smaller yield nuclear warheads (200 kiloton thermonuclear or boosted fission) while increasing the lethality of the strike. This permits India to deploy a much larger nuclear force using less fissile/fusion material (plutonium/lithium deuteride) than other nuclear powers. Older ballistic missiles, such as those deployed by earlier nuclear powers required larger yield (1-2 megaton) warheads to achieve the same level of lethality. It has also been reported that with smaller payloads, the Agni-III can hit strategic targets well beyond 3,500 km.

    

·                                                                                                                                                                The medium-range nuclear capable Agni-II missile, with a strike range of more than 2,000 km, was successfully test fired on Sunday from the Wheeler Island off Odisha coast."The trial of the surface-to-surface missile was conducted from a mobile launcher from the Launch Complex-4 of Integrated Test Range (ITR) at around 10.20 am," defence sources said.

·         "Agni-II Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) has already been inducted into the services and today's test was carried out by the Strategic Forces Command (SFC) of the Army as part of training exercise with logistic support provided by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)," the sources said.

·         The two-stage missile equipped with advanced high accuracy navigation system, guided by a novel scheme of state of the earth command and control system was propelled by solid rocket propellant system, they said.

·         "The entire trajectory of the trial was tracked by a battery of sophisticated radars, telemetry observation stations, electro-optic instruments and naval ships located near the impact point in the down range area of the sea," said a DRDO scientist.

·         The 20-metre long Agni-II is a two-stage, solid-propelled ballistic missile. It has launch weight of 17 tonnes and can carry a payload of 1,000 kg over a distance of 2,000 km.

·         The state-of-the-art Agni-II missile was developed by Advanced Systems Laboratory (ASL) and integrated by the Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL), Hyderabad.

·         Agni-II is part of the Agni series of missiles developed by DRDO which includes Agni-I with a 700 km range, Agni-III with a 3,000 km range, Agni-IV with 4,000 km range and Agni-V more than 5,000 km range.

 The last trial of Agni-II conducted on August 9 last year from the same base, was a total success."Today's test fire was successful. It met all the parameters. It was 100 per cent successful," said by MVKV Prasad, the director of Integrated Test Range (ITR).

AGNI-2 MISSILE

                                                               A G N I - 2   MISSILE


Agni-II with a range of 2,000--2,500 km is 20 meters  long , has a diameter of one meter , and weighs around 18 tonnes . Agni - II uses solid propellant in both of its two stages. They are claimed to be a part of the "credible deterrence" against enemies. India stated that its nuclear and missile development  programmes are not Pakistan-centric, that the Pakistani threat is only a marginal factor in New Delhi's security calculus, and that Agni is at the heart of deterrence in the larger context of Sino-Indian equation.The Strategic Forces Command, as a part of user trials, is to launch Agni-II on August 9, 2012 from the Wheeler Islands off the Orissa coast, after it successfully launched Agni-I missile on July 13, 2012.The 2000 km range nuclear weapon capable missile, already inducted into country's arsenal, was successfully launched as a training exercise by the armed forces on 9 August 2012.

·         The medium-range nuclear capable Agni-II missile, with a strike range of more than 2,000 km, was successfully test fired on Sunday from the Wheeler Island off Odisha coast."The trial of the surface-to-surface missile was conducted from a mobile launcher from the Launch Complex-4 of Integrated Test Range (ITR) at around 10.20 am," defence sources said.

·         "Agni-II Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) has already been inducted into the services and today's test was carried out by the Strategic Forces Command (SFC) of the Army as part of training exercise with logistic support provided by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)," the sources said.

·         The two-stage missile equipped with advanced high accuracy navigation system, guided by a novel scheme of state of the earth command and control system was propelled by solid rocket propellant system, they said.

·         "The entire trajectory of the trial was tracked by a battery of sophisticated radars, telemetry observation stations, electro-optic instruments and naval ships located near the impact point in the down range area of the sea," said a DRDO scientist.

·         The 20-metre long Agni-II is a two-stage, solid-propelled ballistic missile. It has launch weight of 17 tonnes and can carry a payload of 1,000 kg over a distance of 2,000 km.

·         The state-of-the-art Agni-II missile was developed by Advanced Systems Laboratory (ASL) and integrated by the Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL), Hyderabad.

·         Agni-II is part of the Agni series of missiles developed by DRDO which includes Agni-I with a 700 km range, Agni-III with a 3,000 km range, Agni-IV with 4,000 km range and Agni-V more than 5,000 km range.

 The last trial of Agni-II conducted on August 9 last year from the same base, was a total success."Today's test fire was successful. It met all the parameters. It was 100 per cent successful," said MVKV Prasad, the director of Integrated Test Range (ITR). 

LIGHT COMBAT AIRCRAFT " TEJAS "

LCA TEJAS

'Tejas' is the smallest, light weight, single engine, single seat, supersonic, multirole, combat aircraft, best in its class in the world. 'Tejas' Programme is spearheaded by Aeronautical Development Agency under the Ministry of Defence R & D, with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) as its principal partner and with participation of a large number of Laboratories of Defence Research & Development Organisation and Central Scientific & Industrial Research, certification agencies, Indian Air Force, academic institutions and Private/Public Sector Undertakings.

1. Tejas is 65% Indian right now. But Scientific Advisor to Defence Minister Dr.V K Saraswat has promised that by the time the aircraft gets Final Operational clearance, the indigenization will reach 75%. The main worry is the powerful engine required for the aircraft. Right now the aircraft uses engine made by an American company. But DRDO is developing a suitable engine for our aircrafts called Kaveri. The Kaveri engine is undergoing tests in Russia and will be brought back to India after certification. Dr. Saraswat disclosed that no country opts for 100% indigenization as it is not cost effective and needs huge infrastructure. Hence, he explained that the main structure and sub-systems of the aircraft are indigenized and the remaining parts are imported.
2. Tejas incorporates a wide range of advanced Sensors, Weapons, Stores and Electronic Warfare suite for obtaining Initial Operational Clearance (IOC). Air-to-Ground Weapons and Air-to-Air Close Combat Missiles have been released from Tejas. Sea level trials were completed at Arrakonam & Goa. Hot weather trials, in two phases completed at Nagpur. Cold weather & high altitude flight trials carried out successfully at Leh. Phase I of Night flying trials is completed. The additional weapons beyond Visual Range, Gun, Rockets, Guided & Un-Guided Bombs on Tejas are integrated

TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION STAGE (TD-1 & 2)
The focus in this phase was on ‘proof of concept’. It entailed the development and testing of two technology demonstrator aircraft. These aircraft were called TD-1 and TD-2. The decision to move forward was to be taken after the successful completion of this phase. This would be followed by the production of additional prototype vehicles. There were teething issues during this phase and finally TD-1 flew on 04 January 2001 with Wing Commander Rajiv Kothiyal on the controls. The significance of this golden-day in the history of Indian aviation can be gauged by the fact that the last time an indigenous aircraft had got airborne was almost 40 years ago on 17 June 1961.

ADDITIONAL TESTING PHASE (PV-1, PV-2, PV-3 and PV-5) 

 This phase consisted of additional testing and development of systems using Prototype Vehicles which would lead to the development of the final variant that would join the IAF and the Indian Navy. The first Prototype Vehicle, PV-1 flew on 25 November 2003. By 2005, the Tejas had proven itself in the testing phase and the first order for 20 Series Production aircrafts was placed. A follow on order for an additional 20 SP aircraft was placed in 2010.
Planned Product Variants
Tejas Trainer – Two-seat operational conversion trainer for the Indian Air Force.
Tejas Navy – Twin- and single-seat carrier-capable variants for the Indian Navy. The LCA's naval variant is to be ready for carrier trials by 2013 and is slated for deployment on the INS Vikramaditya as well as the Vikrant class aircraft carrier. It will be equipped for carrier operation with the capability to carry out ski-jump take-off and arrested landing. It will include strengthened airframe and landing gear and the nose is drooped for better cockpit vision.
Series Production :-SP-1 to SP-40 Planned for start in 2013

"INS VIKRANT INDIA'S INDIGENOUSLY DEVELOPED AIRCRAFT CARRIER"

                INS VIKRANT (INDIGENOUS PROJECT OF INDIA)