INS BEAS a Brahmaputra-class frigate

INS BEAS  is a Brahmaputra-class frigate  weighs 3,850 tons with length 126.4 mts & width 14.5 mts which is propelled with two steam turbines delivers  22,370 KW for 2 shafts.  The speed of beam class is 30 Knots  ranges 4,500 naut miles  which is approximately 8,300 Kms. It is accompanied with approx 450 naval personnel includes 40 officers & 13-15 crew member.

Technology Integrated Sensors and Radar Systems  :-

 R A D A R  :-

BEL RAWS-03 air/surface search radar

BEL Signal  RAWL-02 (PLN 517) air search radar

Decca Bridge master  /BEL Rashmi PIN 524 navigation radar

                                                                                 

 S O N A R   S Y S T E M S :-

  BEL HUMSA (Hull Mounted Sonar Array)

 Thales Sinatra towed array sonar

F I R E  C O N T R O L  : -

BEL Aparna radar (Kh-35 SSM)

Elta EL/M-2221 radar (Barak SAM)

BEL Shikariopto-electronic trackers (guns)

E L E C T R O N I C   W A R F A R E  :-

BEL Ajanta Mk.2C Electronic Warfare system

ELLORA Electronic Support Measures system

BEL Radar Warning Receiver Suite

Countermeasures

2 × chaff/flare launcher

Super Barricade chaff launcher

2 × Graesby G738 or BEL TOTED towed torpedo decoy

Armament:            

16 × Kh-35 (SS-N-25 Switchblade) SSM (4 x quadruple KT-184 launchers)

24 × Barak SAM (3 x octuple VLS units)

1 × OTO Melara 76 mm gun

4 × AK-630 6-barreled 30 mm gatling gun

2 × RBU-6000 213 mm anti-submarine rocket launcher

2 × triple ILAS 3 324 mm torpedo tubes (Whitehead A244S anti-submarine torpedoes)

 A I R C R A F T    C A R  R  I  E D    O N   I N S  B E A S :-

                                                     

  1 Sea King

  1 Match Helos

INS MUMBAI

INS MUMBAI (D62)

INS Mumbai is one of three Indian built Delhi Class guided missile destroyers currently serving in the Indian navy. The vessels include the Indian built Delhi Class guided missile destroyer INS Mumbai (D62), the Russian built Talwar Class (Krivak III) class guided missile frigate INS Trishul (F43), Indian built Godavari-Class (Project 16) frigate INS Gomti (F21) and Russian built INS Aditya replenishment and repair ship (A59).The vessels are part of the Indian navy’s western fleet. The Mediterranean tour of the four warships is being headed by Rear Admiral A R Karve.Indian warships have regularly paid visits to ports in the West Asia and East Africa, reaffirming their peaceful presence and solidarity with countries in the region; the four-day visit in Israel reaffirms the growing Indo-Israeli relations and continued cooperation between the two countries” Indian officials said.

In recent years the Indian Navy has expanded the use of Israeli systems on the new classes of ships. Among the visiting ships, only the Gomti carries Israeli Barak anti-missile systems, however, almost all new Indian built classes of warships currently fielded or under construction in India, are loaded with Israeli systems, primarily defensive electronics, radars and missile and Barak systems. The Indo-Israeli Barak 8 counter-air system is scheduled for deployed on the lead ship of the P15A class, INS Kochi, following completion of the system’s testing, currently underway in India and Israel. Barak 8 and its associated IAI Elta EL/M-2248 radar provide the Indian Navy an AEGIS-class weapon system, extending its active air defense capability far beyond current capabilities

DELHI CLASS GUIDED MISSILE DESTROYER

DELHI GUIDED MISSILE DESTROYER

Delhi Class destroyers were built for the Indian Navy by Mazagon Dock based in Mumbai, under the Project 15 programme. The Delhi destroyer was designed by the Indian Navy with the detailed and production design phase carried out by Mazagon Dock. With a displacement of 6,700t, overall length of 163m and beam of 17m, the Delhi Class is the largest warship built in India. The ship is fitted with sophisticated anti-ship, anti-aircraft and anti-submarine sensor and weapon systems.

The ship's integrated combat data system is supplied by Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) of Hyderabad. The main gun at the bow of the ship is a 100mm gun supplied by Russia. The ship is also fitted with four six-barrel AK 650 gatling guns. The ship is equipped with four quad launchers for the Uran anti-ship missile system. The Uran system launches the Kh-35 (Nato designation SS-N-25) antiship cruise missile, which uses an inertial guidance system to steer the missile towards the target area and an active radar homing head for terminal guidance. The minimum and maximum ranges of the missile are 5km and 130km. The surface-to-air missile system is the Russian Shtil (SA-N-7), known by the Nato reporting name Gadfly. The missile's maximum range is 25km. It was envisaged that this would be replaced with the Trishul surface-to-air missile system, which had a range of 500m to 9km and a 15kg warhead. In December 2006, the Indian MoD stopped the research and development of Trishul and focused on developing the Barak defence missile system.

"The Delhi Class is fitted with the Rafael Barak point air defence missile system."

The ship's radar suite includes Rashmi I-band navigation radar by Bharat Electronics, Russian Kite Screech and Bass Tilt H,I and J band fire control radars for the guns, Garfun B fire control radar for the Kh-35 Uran SSM, Front Dome fire control radar for the SA-N-17 SAM, RALW - LW08 air search radar operating in D-band and supplied by Bharat Electronics Ltd and Thales Nederland (formerly Signaal) and the Bharat / Thales RAWS - DA05 E-band surface search radar. The ship's hull mounted active search sonar capability is based on the TSM2633 by Thales Underwater Systems or the APSOH by Bharat.

The Delhi Class also has a variable depth sonar, Model 15-750 developed and manufactured in India by Indal and Garden Reach. The ship's propulsion is based on a combined diesel and gas CODAG system. The propulsion system drives two shafts and provides a maximum speed of 28kt.

INS GHARIAL

INS GHARIAL

INS GHARIAL SPECIFICATIONS

• Class & type                                       Magar class landing ship
• Displacement                                       5665 tons (full load)[1]
• Length                                                 120 m
• Beam                                                  17.5 m
• Draft                                                   4 m
• Ramps                                                Bow doors
• Propulsion                                           2 x 8560 hp sustained diesel engine
• Speed                                                 15 knots
• Range                                                 3000 miles @ 14 knots
• Landing craft carried                            4 LCVPs
• Capacity                                              15 Tanks, 8 APCs[2]
• Troops                                                 500
• Complement                                        136 (incl. 16 officers)
• Radar systems                                     1 BEL 1245 navigation radar
• Electronic warfare                                BEL Ajanta as intercept
• Armament                                           4 x Bofors 40mm/60 guns,2 x 122mm multiple-barrel rocket  Lncr 
• Aircraft carried                                    1 Sea King, 2 helicopter platforms.

INS MAGAR

INS MAGAR

The Indian Navy Magar-class landing ship tank (LST) are an indigenous design derived from the Royal Navy's Sir Lancelot class. Five ships of this class have been built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd commissioned into the Indian Navy in 1987, 1997, 2007, 2008 and 2009. 

The last three ships are also referred to as Landing Ship Tank (Large)/LST (L) or Shardul class and feature several modifications and a high number of components and weapons made in India. Shardul-class can serve as fleet tanker, HADR (Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief) missions or hospital ship.

INS MAGAR

These ships carry four small landing crafts and are equipped with four 40mm anti-aircraft guns or two CRN91 anti-aircraft guns, two WM18A 18-tube rocket launchers, Igla surface-to-air missiles and up to two helicopters (Sea King or Dhruv) at the aft flight deck and hangar. During amphibious assault missions a single ship can transport 500 troops, 10 main battle tanks and 11 trucks. The propulsion system is based on two diesel engines developing 8,000-shp with the ship achieving a maximum speed of 15 knots. The main purpose of Magar-class ships is to deliver men and material on shore in support of amphibious assaults.

• Type                                     Amphibious warfare vessel
• Displacement                           5,665 tons (full load)[1]
• Length                                     120 m
• Beam                                       17.5 m
• Draft                                        4 m
• Ramps                                       Bow doors
• Propulsion                                  2 x 8560 hp sustained diesel engine
• Speed                                        15 knots
• Range                                        3000 miles @ 14 knots
• Landingcraft carried                4 LCVPs
• Capacity                                 15 Tanks, 8 APCs, 500 Troops, 136 crew,16 Officers
• Radar system                          1 BEL 1245 navigation radar
• Electronic warfare                BEL Ajanta as intercept
• Armament                                    4 x Bofors 40mm/60 guns, 2 x 122mm multiple-barrel rocket launchers
• Aircraft carried                         1 Sea King
• Aviation facilities                   2 helicopter platforms

INS AIRAVAT

INS AIRAVAT

INS AIRAVAT  is one of the two Magar-class Landing Ship Tankers (LSTs), designed and built by the Hindustan Shipyard Limited in partnership with the Kolkata-based Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers. Both the ships are stationed at the naval base in Vishakhapatnam.

INS Airavat has the capacity to carry 500 soldiers and can provide stern refuelling for other naval vessels apart from conducting amphibious assault operations.The ship can also operate two medium-lift helicopters, which are primarily meant for ‘inserting’ a small team of Special Forces (marine commandos) and it is equipped with a fully-functioning hospital on-board and has made significant contributions in Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) during natural disasters like tsunamis and cyclones.Safety features aboard the Airavat include anti-roll Flume Stabilisation System, smoke curtains to impede spreading of smoke and toxic gases in case of fire, as well as battle damage control systems. Fully loaded, she can operate independently at high seas for up to 45 days.

It is primarily designed for amphibious assault operations, Airavat's missions also include Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief (HADR) during natural disasters, including tsunamis, cyclones, earthquakes,etc. She has a full-functioning hospital on-board, the capacity to carry 500 soldiers, and can provide stern refueling for other naval vessels.Primary suppliers for her equipment are Bharat Electronics Limited, Kirloskar, Larsen & Toubro, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Keltron and the Godrej Group.

Class                             :          Shardul class landing ship

Displacement                 :            5650 tons

Length                           :           125 m

Beam                             :           17.5 m

Draft                              :           4 m

Propulsion                     :            Kirloskar PA6 STC engines

Speed                           :           16 knots

Capacity                       :            11 MBT, 10 infantry trucks or APC,500 troops.

Complement                  :  11 officers, 145 sailors

Electronic warfare          :   Chaff launchers

Armament                      :  2 x WM-18 rocket launchers

4 x CRN-91 AA (Naval 30mm Medak) guns, MANPAD's

shoulder-launched IGLA SAMs

Aircraft carried             :   1 Westland Sea King or HAL Dhruv.

INS KESARI

INS KESARI

INS KESARI

The Indian Navy has recently inducted its amphibious vessel Landing Ship Tank (LST) INS Kesari in the Andaman and Nicobar command and will soon be inducting Operation Patrol Vessels (OPVs) constructed at Goa Shipyard Ltd.

INS Kesari adds thrust to Navy's ongoing drive for indigenous warship production. The ship, measuring 125 meters in length, 17.5 metres in breadth and displacing 5655 tons, can achieve speed in excess of 15 Knots. Second of the Shardul class of ships, INS Kesari is the most contemporary and fully indigenised LST (L) in the Indian Navy. In addition to its primary role of amphibious operations carrying battle tanks, troops and vehicles to hostile coasts, the ship also forms a potent assault platform with rockets and chaff launchers, anti-aircraft guns, shoulder-launched surface-to-air missiles and an integral Sea King or an advanced light helicopter. On the other end of the spectrum, the ship can also be tasked as a fleet tanker, a hospital ship, or for disaster relief operations.

OVERALL GLANCE OF INS KESARI :-

Class  of ship        :      Kumbhir class

Displacement      :       1120 tons (standard)

Length                  :      83.9 m [1]

Beam                    :      9.7 m

Draught                :      1.3 metres (extreme bow and 2.58 metres (stern)

Depth                   :      5.2 m

Propulsion           :       2 x 2200 hp Soviet Kolomna 40-D two stroke diesel engines.

Speed                   :      18 knots

Crew                    :       120 (incl. 12 officers)

Radar system     :        SRN 7453 radar

Armament          :        2 x AK-230 30mm guns 4 x CRN-91 AA (Naval 30mm Medak) guns.                

Aircraft carried :         1 HAL Chetak

INS KOLKATA

INS KOLKATA

 Kolkata class destroyer  is the India’s latest guided missile destroyer designed for Indian navy. Fast and stealthy, with an advanced sensor suite and an array of potent air, land and sea weapons, the Kolkata class would be a formidable ship in any navy.

The Kolkata class destroyers are true multipurpose destroyers, capable of providing protection to India’s aircraft carriers or operating independently. The primary radar system, an actively scanned array radar provided by Israeli Aircraft Industries, is reportedly comparable to the American Aegis radar system. The radar is capable of detecting contacts in the air and at sea and provides guidance to radar-guided missiles. 

The Kolkatas will also feature a bow mounted and towed sonar arrays for detecting submarines.

Armament will be considerable, with vertical launch cells for up to 64 air defense missiles. The missiles  will be a mix of short-range Barak 1 and medium range Barak 8 radar-guided surface to air missiles, capable of point and area defense, respectively. Such defensive missile armament will allow it to provide air defense for carrier battle groups, surface action groups, amphibious groups and shipping convoys.

The Kolkatas will pack the heaviest surface-to-surface firepower of any destroyer in any navy, with each ship carrying 16 BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles. Rounding out the ship’s armament is a 76mm gun, four AK-630 close-in weapons systems, anti-submarine rockets and torpedoes, and two embarked helicopters with a hangar.

Three Kolkata destroyers are to be built, with the first of class expected to be commissioned this year. A follow-on class of four destroyers with improved stealth characteristics is already being planned.China would fear the Kolkata class because it would provide air defense for ships such as the Vikramaditya. Armed with 16 BrahMos missiles, the Kolkatas could also operate independently as commerce raiders, threatening Chinese shipping.

INS SHARDUL

INS SHARDUL

The INS Shardul  is an important auxiliary warship carrying armoured tanks, army vehicles and troops. It would have more than 90 per cent indigenous content. The ship is 124.8 metres long [about 5 meters longer that her predecessors] and 17.5 metres wide and can carry 11 main battle tanks, 10 army vehicles and 500 troops excluding the ship's crew for amphibian operation and can achieve a speed of 15.8 knots. The ship is also provided with helicopter landing facilities to accommodate 42 C helicopter or indigenously built Dhruv helicopter.

The INS  Shardul has two WM 18 rocket launcher and four anti-aircraft guns. It would be fitted with propulsion remote control and battle damage control systems for efficient operation and control at sea.

The fourth in a series of LST(L)’s built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited (GRSE). INS Shardul, one of the most advanced amphibious units in the inventory of Navy, got affiliated to the 5 Armoured Regiment, the most advanced tank regiment of Indian Army operating the finest and the most lethal tanks T-90 of modern era, in a glittering ceremony onboard INS Shardul docked in Mumbai Naval Harbour. Shardul has the Royal Bengal tiger as its symbol. Built by GRSE, Kolkata, Shardul boasts of state-of-the-art equipment. Rear Admiral Anil Chopra, Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet and Maj Gen GS Malhi, Colonel of the 5 Armoured Regiment signed the Charter of Affiliation along with Cdr Shailendra Singh, Commanding Officer of INS Shardul and Col RK Magotra, Commandant of the 5 Armoured Regiment.

The Armed Forces have the tradition of the affiliating their units for the better camaraderie and esprit de corps. Though the armed forces have a long tradition of 'affiliating' their units, the modern military trend of all three services - army, navy and air force - fighting wars jointly has added an operational aspect to the tradition. The modern trend of all the three Services fighting wars jointly has added an operational aspect to the tradition. Shardul is an important amphibious warship capable of transporting various kinds of combat equipment, personnel and accomplish all objectives of landing, that is, beaching operations. The 5 Armoured Regiment proudly wears the mantle of holding one of the most potent tanks in the world.

·         Displacement          - 5600

·         Length                    -  124.8 m

·         width                      -  17.5 m

·         Draft                      - 4 m

·         Speed                    - 15.8 knots / +16 knots

·         Armament              - 4 x 40 mm Bofors, 2 multi barrel rocket launchers

·         Aircraft 1 x Sea King 42C (Platform for 2)

·         Crew                     -16 (Officers), 120 (Enlisted)

·         Capacity                - 11 main battle tanks, 10 Army vehicles, 500 troops (excluding crew members)

INS SHIVALIK ( STEALTH WARSHIP )

INS SHIVALIK

INS  SHIVALIK :-

Shivalik Class frigates are multirole stealth craft built for Indian Navy. They are the first Indian warships to be built with stealth features and will be the lead frigates of the country's navy during the first quarter of the 21st century.The lead ship of this class  is named 'Shivalik', after the lowest of the Himalayan ranges, which extends to 2,500km. The frigates to follow were also named after other mountain ranges – 'Satpura' and 'Sahyadri'. They are being produced as an upgrade to the Talwar Class frigates, which will be succeeded by the Project 17-A Class frigates.

Shivalik Class frigates are 143m long and 16.9m wide. They have a displacement of 4,900t and run on gas and diesel turbines. These frigates include unique stealth features and land-attacking capabilities. Shivalik Class frigates can carry a crew of 257, including 37 officers.The structural, thermal, and acoustic stealth features make them less detectable to the enemy. The radar systems and engines are further modified to reduce and avoid detection and noise levels. Fitted with Klub anti-ship and BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles providing strong attacking capabilities. The fire control systems used on these frigates are developed by DRDO and built by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL).

The vessels were built in 172 modules through modular construction. Construction of the first frigate began in December 2000. In July 2001, the keel of this frigate was laid, and it was launched and named Shivalik in April 2003. In February 2009, the frigate underwent sea trials before being commissioned into the Indian Navy in April 2010.The keel of the second frigate, Satpura, was laid in October 2002 and launched in June 2004. It was commissioned in August 2011. The keel of the third frigate in the class, Sahyadri, was laid in 2003 and launched in May 2005. It was commissioned in July 2012.All three frigates received the initials 'INS' (Indian Naval Ship) when commissioned with the Indian Navy.

The proposed P-17A acquisition has had different figures floated. Early figures mentioned Rs 30,000 crore (300 billion Indian rupees, then about $6.7 billion), with expected costs of Rs 4,000 crore (then about $892 million) per ship. March 2009 reports give figures of Rs 17,000 crore, or about $3.3 billion at that time. By June 2009, however, reports of DAC approval mentioned Rs 45,000 crore, or about $9.23 billion total and $1.3 billion per ship. As a basis of comparison, India’s July 2006 order for 3 more Talwar Class frigates amounted to Rs 5,114 crore, or between $400-550 million per ship.

The 2nd area of uncertainty involves ship design. By soliciting tenders from so many foreign firms, and insisting on improved stealth requirements, India is implicitly creating the option of having Project 17-A ships use a very different base design than the Project 17 Shivalik class frigates. That question will not be resolved until a foreign shipbuilding partner is chosen and ratified, and possibly not even then.

The 3rd area of uncertainty revolves around the program’s industrial arrangements, though current reports indicate that a resolution is close. Typical Indian contracts involve some number of ships built by the manufacturer, and others built at Indian shipyards like Mazagon Docks Ltd external link (MDL) in Mumbai, or Garden Reach Shipyard Engineers external link (GRSE) in Kolkata. On the other hand, in 2006 Navy Chief Admiral Sureesh Mehta specifically referred to force modernization problems stemming from both constraints on defense budgets, and Indian shipyards’ record of slow delivery. He added that:

“It is not necessary that we will take this route [of using MDL or Garden Reach], adding that the other Indian shipyards may step up warship production to meet the projected force levels.”

That multi-shipyard option would disappear, and new complications would be introduced, if these ships use modular construction. That approach would involve a series of 300-tonne ship “blocks” that are fully equipped, and must fit together so precisely that pipes, wiring, and other components all align exactly when they’re joined. MDL and GRSE are the only shipyards with the depth of experience to pull that off – but neither has ever used modular construction.Which leads to India’s final option: build some of these ships at foreign shipyards, as the government is doing with its July 2006 “Improved Krivak class” frigate order. The Navy would prefer to have MDL and/or GRSE workers learn by working at a foreign shipyard with experience in modular construction, then bring those important skills back to India to build additional ships. The alternative would involve trying to learn a completely new shipbuilding method, while trying to build important Navy ships, and having the Navy foot the bill for any mistakes.Based on past history, and the experience of other countries, India’s Director of Naval Design Rear Adm. Badhwar is clever to be cautious. Mistakes using the new modular method would be extremely expensive to fix. The level of rework required could easily turn the Indian shipyards’ purported 100% cost advantage into a deficit, while creating project delays that would extend for months – and might even be measured in years.Despite these risks, it appears that India’s government intends to move forward with a dual-build strategy at MDL at GRSE, using modular construction, without any work or co-build efforts performed in foreign shipyards. 

COUNTERMEASURES AND SENSORS :-

These frigates are mounted with MR-760 Fregat M2EM 3-D radar, an air search radar, HUMSA (hull-mounted sonar array) and ATAS / Thales Sintra towed array systems, BEL Aparna fire control radar and BEL Ajanta weapons control radar to counter attack the enemy.

WEAPONS AND PROPULSION SYSTEM :-

Shivalik is fitted with a mix of indigenous Russian, Indian, and Western weaponry and sensor systems. The weaponry systems include the Russian Shtil surface-to-air missile systems, Klub anti-ship cruise missiles, and Israeli Barak-I missile defence system.The Satpura frigate has weaponry worth INR1bn including vertical-launch missiles, surface-to-air missiles, and anti-submarine systems."Shivalik is fitted with a mix of indigenous Russian, Indian, and Western weaponry and sensor systems."Shivalik Class frigates are driven by combined diesel and gas (CODOG) propulsion system. Two Pielstick 16 PA6 STC diesel engines deliver 7,600shp at 1,084rpm each and two GE LM2500 gas turbine engines deliver33, 600shp at 3,600rpm.

CARRYING HELICOPTERS :-

The frigates can carry two advanced helicopters. The Shivalik carries two HAL Dhruv or two Sea King mk42B and the Satpura carries two K-31 Kamov helicopters.

INS ARIHANT ( INDIAS NUCLEAR CAPABLE SUBMARINE )

 INS ARIHANT: -

"INS Arihant is India's first nuclear-powered submarine."

when declining operational availability of its conventional submarine fleet has put the Navy in dire straits, it has some reason to cheer.Informed sources told that the construction of a second Arihant-class nuclear submarine, to be named INS Aridaman, is moving fast at the Shipbuilding Centre (SBC) in Visakhapatnam. It is slated for launch by this year-end or in the first quarter of next year.“The boat, under outfitting now, is headed for a year-end launch. Meanwhile, hull fabrication is on for the third Arihant-class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine,” the sources said. “Unlike surface vessels, submarines are fully outfitted before launch, which makes it a prerequisite for its weapons to be tested and ready well in advance.”

The first submarine of the class, INS Arihant, launched in July 2009, has just completed its harbour acceptance trials and is set to undergo the crucial sea acceptance trials in February.“This will be followed by weapon trials before the submarine is formally inducted into the Navy, hopefully in 2013, when the country will attain the much-desired nuclear triad,” the sources said. Concurrently, nuclear-powered submarine INS Chakra, borrowed on a 10-year lease from Russia mainly for training purposes, will be inducted in the latter half of 2012.Troubled by the eroding strength of its conventional underwater arm, the Navy's ‘blue water' aspirations remained in the realm of wishful thinking, with the force failing to add even a single submarine to its inventory in the last decade.With the Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) programme to indigenously design and build nuclear-powered attack submarines gaining momentum after years of indecision and disorientation in the 1990s, the goal, claimed the sources, was within reach now.

Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Nirmal Verma said last year that once commissioned, INS Arihant would be deployed on ‘deterrent (combat) patrol.' Although it would be home-ported in Visakhapatnam, the submarine, armed with nuclear-tipped K-15 or B-5 ballistic missiles and having a range of about 750 km, would offer effective deterrence against enemies.Arihant, India's first indigenously built nuclear submarine, cost $2.9bn. It was jointly developed by the Indian Navy, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) at the naval dockyard in Visakhapatnam. Russian designers assisted in building the vessel.Other companies involved in the development of the submarine are Tata Power, a division of Tata Group and Larsen & Toubro (L&T), a technology, engineering, construction and manufacturing company.

Arihant was launched for sea trials on 26 July 2009 and is due to be commissioned in 2011.

 The trials are being conducted at a concealed test area called 'Site Bravo'. During harbour acceptance trials, the nuclear power plant and auxiliary systems of the submarine will be tested for stability."Arihant has been developed as part of the military modernisation programme undertaken by India."The most crucial part of the trials will be the firing of the reactor. Once the reactor is fired all systems on board are tested on the inherent power of the submarine.Arihant will be taken for a series of high-speed runs during the sea acceptance trials and its various components will be tested at different depths, temperatures and pressure.The final phase of the trials will include weapon trials. During these trials actual firing of submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM) will take place from the platform.The crew of Arihant will be trained on the 12,000t Akula-II submarine. The submarine will be taken on lease from Russia in 2010 for ten years. Apart from the Akula-II submarine, six Scorpene attack submarines will also be acquired by the Indian Navy between 2012 and 2017. 

DESIGN :-

Arihant's design is based on the Russian Akula-1 Class submarine. It weighs 6,000t. At a length of 110m and breadth of 11m, Arihant is the longest in the Indian Navy's fleet of submarines and can accommodate a crew of 95. It can reach a speed of 12kt-15kt on surface and up to 24kt when submerged.Arihant will be able to stay under water for long periods undetected due to the nuclear-powered 80MW pressurised water reactor (PWR). The PWR was developed by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre with assistance from a Russian design team.The submarine's exterior is uneven and the hull is placed on a mat covered with tiles. The tiles help in absorbing sound waves and provide stealth capability to the submarine. Compared to conventional submarines, the conning tower of Arihant is situated near the bow instead of the centre.The central part of the submarine's body consists of the outer hull and an inner pressurised hull. The starboard side consists of two rectangular vents that draw in water when the submarine submerges into sea.The Indian Navy and the DRDO together designed the submarine. Once the design was finalised detailed engineering was implemented at L&T's submarine design centre using 3D modelling and product data management software.Tata Power designed the control systems for the submarine. Walchandnagar Industries, a company specialising in execution of heavy engineering projects, designed parts of the steam turbine.

PROPULSION SYSTEM :-

The propulsion plant housing the reactor is 42m long and 8m in diameter. The complete propulsion plant along with the primary, secondary, electrical and propulsion systems occupy half of the submarine. To reduce the weight of the plant, light water and enriched uranium was used as opposed to non-enriched uranium used in land-based reactors.

MISSILES LOADED :-

Arihant will be capable of carrying all types of missiles and will have underwater ballistic missile launch capability. It will carry 12 K-15 SLBMs that can be launched even under ice caps. K-15 missiles are 10.4m long and have a diameter of 1m. The 6.3t missiles can carry a 5t nuclear warhead targeted 750km away. The K-15 missiles, however, will be replaced later by the 3,500km range K-X missiles.Apart from the K-15s, the submarine will carry a range of anti-ship and land-attack cruise missiles and torpedoes.

CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM :-

Arihant is fitted with a combination of two sonar systems – Ushus and Panchendriya. Ushus is state-of-the-art sonar meant for Kilo Class submarines. Panchendriya is a unified submarine sonar and tactical control system, which includes all types of sonar (passive, surveillance, ranging, intercept and active). It also features an underwater communications system. 

HAL RUDRA

 Rudra is an attack helicopter manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), for the Indian Army. It is the Weapon System Integrated (WSI) Mk-IV variant of the Dhruv Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH). Rudra is the first armed helicopter being produced indigenously in India.The HAL Rudra helicopter can be deployed in wide range of missions, including reconnaissance, troop transport, anti-tank warfare and close air support.HAL was contracted to deliver about 76 Rudra ALH Mk-IV helicopters for the Indian Army and the Indian Air Force. The Indian Army plans to equip its Army Aviation Corps with 60 helicopters, forming six squadrons. HAL handed over the first Rudra helicopter to the Indian Army in February 2013.

Development for the WSI variant was authorised in December 1998. The prototype made its first flight in August 2007. Rudra completed a final round of weapon firing trials in September 2011. The 20mm turreted gun was tested during these trials.The Mistral air-to-air missiles and 70mm rockets were tested on Rudra in November 2011. Mistral is an infrared homing missile, which is capable of striking the targets within a range of 6.5km. The ground tests for the first production helicopter were concluded in September 2012.HAL Rudra Mk-IV received initial operational clearance (IOC) from Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC) in February 2013. The helicopter was displayed for the first time at Aero India 2013 show.

HAL Rudra incorporates a conventional design. Carbon fibre composite materials have been used in construction to achieve weight reduction. The twin engines mounted above the cabin are attached to a four-blade composite main rotor. The cockpit is made of Kevlar and carbon-fibre materials.Rudra has a length of 15.8m, main rotor diameter of 13.2m and a height of 4.9m. The maximum take-off weight of the helicopter is 5,500kg. Rudra can carry a payload of 2,600kg.The advanced glass cockpit of Rudra houses crash-worthy seats for accommodating two crew members. The night vision goggle (NVG) compatible cockpit is equipped with multifunction displays, dual flight controls and automatic flight control system.The avionics suite integrates a global positioning system, FLIR, HF/UHF communications radio, Infrared Friend or Foe (IFF) identification system, Doppler navigation and a radio altimeter. The electro-optic pod, helmet-mounted sight and fixed sights ensure the pilots can accurately engage targets using onboard weapons.

The HAL Rudra helicopter is powered by two HAL / Turbomeca Ardiden 1H1 (Shakti) turboshaft engines. Each engine delivers a maximum continuous power of 1,067kW. The operation of the engines is controlled by full authority digital engine control (FADEC) system. The helicopter has a fixed-type metal skid landing gear. The tail section features a tail skid to protect the tail rotor during tail-down landings.The helicopter has a maximum continuous speed of 270km/h. The never exceed speed of the helicopter is 300km/h. Rudra can fly at a maximum altitude of 20,000ft and can climb at a rate of 10.3m/s. It has a range of 660km